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  1. Lingonberry
    NatMed
    Lingonberry
    Lingonberry is a plant. The leaves and berries are used to make medicine. Lingonberry is used for urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, gout, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. In foods, lingonberry berries are used in jams, syrups, baked goods, and juice. Lingonberry leaves are sometimes used as a substitute for bearberry (uva ursi) leaves. Don't confuse lingonberry for uva ursi, cranberry, or cramp bark.

  2. Cocoa
    NatMed
    Cocoa
    Cocoa beans are the seeds of the cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao). The beans are used to make chocolate and are a source of many antioxidants. Cocoa contains a variety of chemicals, including antioxidants called flavonoids. It's not clear how these might work in the body, but they appear to relax the blood vessels. This could lead to lower blood pressure, and reduce inflammation and blockage of blood vessels. People most commonly use cocoa for heart disease and high blood pressure. It is also used for high cholesterol, memory, aging skin, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.

  3. Terminalia arjuna
    NatMed
    Terminalia arjuna
    Terminalia arjuna is a tree. Its bark is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine. The bark of the Terminalia arjuna tree contains chemicals that might stimulate the heart. It might also have effects that lower cholesterol and blood pressure. People use Terminalia arjuna for chest pain, asthma, athletic performance, heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Don't confuse Terminalia arjuna with other Terminalia species, including Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica. These are not the same.

  4. Pumpkin
    NatMed
    Pumpkin
    Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) is a plant native to South America that now grows worldwide. The seed and its oil are used to make medicine. The chemicals in pumpkin seed can increase urination, which might help relieve bladder and prostate discomfort. Some chemicals might also reduce swelling in the prostate. The pumpkin fruit and seed are commonly used in foods. People commonly use pumpkin for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is also used for balding, UTIs, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.

  5. Allspice
    NatMed
    Allspice
    Allspice (Pimenta dioica) is a tree. The unripe berries and leaves are used as a spice. They are also sometimes used as medicine. Allspice contains a chemical called eugenol, which is thought to have some beneficial effects for pain and infection. People use allspice for many conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  6. Potato
    NatMed
    Potato
    Potato is a plant. The fleshy part of the root (potato) is commonly eaten as a vegetable. Potato is also used to make medicine. People use potatoes for diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, indigestion (dyspepsia), and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. In foods, potato is eaten, used as a source of starch, and fermented into alcohol.

  7. Deer Velvet
    NatMed
    Deer Velvet
    Deer velvet covers the growing bone and cartilage that becomes deer antlers. It's sometimes used as medicine in Western countries. Deer velvet contains multiple substances including the female sex hormones estrone and estradiol. It also contains substances that might help cells grow and function. People use deer velvet for athletic performance, high blood pressure, increasing sexual desire, asthma, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  8. Glucosamine
    NatMed
    Glucosamine
    Glucosamine is a chemical found in the body. Glucosamine supplements are sold as glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and N-acetyl glucosamine. Glucosamine is used by the body to make other chemicals that build tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and the fluid that surrounds joints. Joints are cushioned by the fluid and cartilage around them. Taking glucosamine might increase the cartilage and fluid around joints and/or help prevent their breakdown. People commonly use glucosamine sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride for osteoarthritis. Glucosamine is also used for joint pain, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.

  9. Podophyllum
    NatMed
    Podophyllum
    Podophyllum (Podophyllum hexandrum) is a plant. The entire plant is poisonous except for the ripe fruit. The plant resin (podophyllin) is used on the skin. The podophyllum resin comes from the plant rhizome (root). It contains antioxidants and also toxic chemicals. People use the podophyllum resin (podophyllin) for the removal of warts, including plantar warts and genital warts, and corns. It is also used for white patches on the tongue in people with weakened immune systems (hairy leukoplakia), and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses. Don't confuse podophyllum with European mandrake or bryonia. These are not the same.

  10. Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA)
    NatMed
    Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA)
    Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid. It's found in various plant seed oils such as borage oil and evening primrose oil. Omega-6 fatty acids such as GLA are found everywhere in the body. They help with the function of all cells. The body converts GLA to substances that have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. People use GLA for eczema, asthma, arthritis, high blood pressure, nerve pain related to diabetes, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses. Don't confuse GLA with black currant, borage, or evening primrose oil. These seeds contain GLA but are not the same. Also don't confuse GLA with other omega-6 fatty acids or other sources of omega-6 fatty acids such as flaxseed oil.

  11. RNA and DNA
    NatMed
    RNA and DNA
    RNA (ribonucleic acid) and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are chemical compounds that are made by the body. They can also be made in a laboratory. RNA and DNA are sometimes used as medicine. People take RNA and DNA for conditions such as athletic performance, stomach and intestine problems, immune system problems, aging, and many others, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  12. Propionyl-L-Carnitine
    NatMed
    Propionyl-L-Carnitine
    Propionyl-L-carnitine is a chemical naturally made in the body. It’s related to two other compounds called L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine helps the body produce energy. It’s important for heart function, muscle movement, and many other body processes. It also seems to help increase circulation. People use propionyl-L-carnitine for chest pain, heart disease, heart failure, athletic performance, chronic fatigue, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these uses. Don't confuse propionyl-L-carnitine with acetyl-L-carnitine or L-carnitine. These are not the same.

  13. Yew
    NatMed
    Yew
    Yew is an evergreen tree. People use the bark, branch tips, and needles to make medicine. Paclitaxel (Taxol), a prescription drug for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer, originally came from the bark of the yew tree. But now paclitaxel is made in a lab. Despite serious safety concerns, yew is used for promoting menstruation and causing abortion, treating certain parasite infections, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any of these uses.

  14. Black Pepper
    NatMed
    Black Pepper
    Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most commonly used spices in the world. It contains a chemical called piperine, which seems to kill bacteria. Piperine might also kill fungi and parasites, and help the body absorb some drugs. Black pepper and white pepper both come from the same plant species, but they are made differently. Black pepper is made by cooking the dried unripe fruit. White pepper is made by cooking and drying the ripe seeds. People take black pepper by mouth for hay fever, asthma, upset stomach, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  15. Agar
    NatMed
    Agar
    Agar is a plant. People use it to make medicine. In Japan agar is called "kanten," and it is the main ingredient in "the kanten plan" or "the kanten diet." People use agar for obesity, diabetes, constipation, yellowing of the skin in infants (neonatal jaundice), and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. In dentistry, agar is used to make dental impressions. In manufacturing processes, agar is used as an ingredient in emulsions, suspensions, gels, and certain suppositories.

  16. Turtlehead
    NatMed
    Turtlehead
    Turtlehead (Chelone glabra) is a plant. The parts of the plant that grow above the ground are used to make medicine. People use turtlehead to empty the bowels, but there is no good scientific evidence to support this use.

  17. Barley
    NatMed
    Barley
    Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a common grain that is high in fiber. It's consumed in foods and used to brew alcoholic beverages worldwide. The fiber in barley might lower cholesterol, blood sugar, and insulin levels. It also seems to slow stomach emptying which could keep blood sugar stable and help to control appetite. People use barley for heart disease and high cholesterol. It is also used for colon cancer, diabetes, diarrhea, high blood pressure, obesity, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  18. Colocynth
    NatMed
    Colocynth
    Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis) is a plant that grows in East Asia. Its fruit looks like a small watermelon and contains chemicals that are unsafe. Colocynth contains chemicals called cucurbitacins. These chemicals are very irritating to the stomach and intestines. Despite serious safety concerns, people use colocynth for diabetes, high cholesterol, liver disease, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Due to safety concerns, colocynth was banned by the US FDA in 1991.

  19. Calotropis
    NatMed
    Calotropis
    Calotropis is a plant. People use the bark and root bark for medicine. People use calotropis for conditions such as digestive disorders, toothache, cramps, joint pain, and many others, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Using calotropis is unsafe, especially in high doses.

  20. Black Root
    NatMed
    Black Root
    Black root is a plant. It grows in the US and Canada and has a bitter and nauseating taste. People use the underground stem (rhizome) and the root as medicine. Black root is used for ongoing constipation and disorders of the liver and gallbladder. It is also used to cause vomiting.

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