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  1. Partridgeberry
    NatMed
    Partridgeberry
    Partridgeberry is an herb. The stem and leaves are used to make medicine. People use partridgeberry for menstrual cramps, childbirth, sore nipples, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any uses. Taking partridgeberry by mouth may also be unsafe.

  2. Chondroitin Sulfate
    NatMed
    Chondroitin Sulfate
    Chondroitin sulfate is a chemical found in human and animal cartilage. It is commonly used by mouth with glucosamine or other ingredients for osteoarthritis. Chondroitin sulfate is one of the building blocks of cartilage. In osteoarthritis, the cartilage in the joints breaks down. Taking chondroitin sulfate might slow this breakdown. It is usually manufactured from animal sources, such as shark and cow cartilage. It can also be made in a lab. Chondroitin sulfate is used for osteoarthritis and cataracts. It is often used together with other ingredients, including manganese ascorbate, hyaluronic acid, collagen peptides, or glucosamine. Chondroitin sulfate is also used for many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  3. Squill
    NatMed
    Squill
    Squill is a plant native to Africa, India, and the Mediterranean. Despite serious safety concerns, the bulbs of the plant are sometimes used to make medicine. Some people use squill for conditions such as asthma, patchy hair loss (alopecia areata), heart disease, and many others, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Using squill can also be unsafe and may lead to irregular heartbeat and other serious and life-threatening heart problems. In manufacturing, squill is used in pest control as rat poison.

  4. Inositol Nicotinate
    NatMed
    Inositol Nicotinate
    Inositol nicotinate is a compound made of niacin (vitamin B3) and inositol. Inositol occurs naturally in the body and can also be made in the laboratory. Inositol nicotinate is used for blood circulation problems, including a painful response to cold, especially in the fingers and toes (Raynaud syndrome). It is also used for high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  5. Glossy Privet
    NatMed
    Glossy Privet
    Glossy privet is a plant. The ripe fruit is used to make medicine. Be careful not to confuse glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidum) with other species of privet such as Japanese privet, border privet, Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), common privet, golden privet, and others. Glossy privet is used for promoting growth and darkening of hair, reducing facial dark spots, rapid heartbeat (palpitations), achy joints (rheumatism), swelling, tumors, dizziness (vertigo), common cold, congestion, constipation, deafness, fever, headache, liver disease (hepatitis), trouble sleeping (insomnia), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), promoting youthfulness, and extending lifespan. It is also used to induce sweating, as a tonic, for improving immune function, and for reducing the side effects of cancer treatment (chemotherapy). Glossy privet is also used for blurred vision, dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and sore back and knees.

  6. Bogbean
    NatMed
    Bogbean
    Bogbean is a plant. The bogbean fruit resembles a small bean and is commonly found in swamps or bogs, which is the reason for its name. People use the bogbean leaf to make medicine. People use bogbean for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scurvy, loss of appetite, indigestion (dyspepsia), and many others, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. In food manufacturing, bogbean is used as a flavoring.

  7. Butternut
    NatMed
    Butternut
    Butternut is a plant. People use the bark for medicine. Butternut is used for constipation, gallbladder disease, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support its use.

  8. Honey
    NatMed
    Honey
    Honey is a thick, sweet fluid produced by bees from plant nectars. It is commonly used as a sweetener in food, but should be avoided in infants. Some chemicals in honey might kill certain bacteria and fungus. When applied to the skin, honey might serve as a barrier to moisture and keep skin from sticking to wound dressings. It might also provide nutrients and chemicals that speed wound healing. But honey can become contaminated with germs during production. Although rare, some infants have gotten botulism from taking honey by mouth. People commonly use honey for burns, wound healing, swelling and sores inside the mouth, and cough. It is also used for many other conditions but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these other uses. There is also no good evidence to support using honey for COVID-19. Don't confuse honey with bee pollen, bee venom, or royal jelly, which are other types of bee products.

  9. Buckhorn Plantain
    NatMed
    Buckhorn Plantain
    Buckhorn plantain is a plant. It grows throughout the world. People use the parts that grow above the ground for medicine. Buckhorn plantain is used for common colds, fever, cough, wound healing, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Don't confuse buckhorn plantain with common plantain (Plantago major). Also, don't mistake digitalis leaves for buckhorn plantain leaves. They look a lot alike. This is a problem because digitalis is unsafe. Be sure to get buckhorn plantain from trusted sources. There have been some reports of buckhorn plantain adulterated with digitalis.

  10. Phosphate Salts
    NatMed
    Phosphate Salts
    Phosphorus is an essential mineral found in many foods. In the diet and body, phosphorus usually binds to other minerals in the form of phosphate salts. Phosphates are involved in cell structure, energy transport and storage, vitamin function, and many other essential processes in the body. Phosphate salts can act as laxatives by causing more fluid to be drawn into the intestines and making the gut push out its contents faster. People use phosphate salts for bowel cleansing, low blood levels of phosphate, constipation, high blood levels of calcium, and heartburn. They are also used for athletic performance, osteoporosis, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.

  11. Yucca
    NatMed
    Yucca
    Yucca is the common name for more than 40 species of plants in the Yucca genus. They have tough, sword-like leaves and a large spike of whitish flowers. Yucca contains chemicals that might reduce swelling. It might also have antibacterial and antifungal effects. People use yucca for osteoarthritis, high blood pressure, joint pain, migraine headache, diabetes, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Don't confuse yucca with cassava. These are not the same.

  12. Fenugreek
    NatMed
    Fenugreek
    Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an herb similar to clover. The seeds taste similar to maple syrup and are used in foods and medicine. Fenugreek is native to the Mediterranean, Europe, and Asia. Fenugreek seems to slow sugar absorption in the stomach and stimulate insulin. Both of these effects lower blood sugar in people with diabetes. Fenugreek might also improve levels of testosterone and estrogen, helping to improve interest in sex. People commonly use fenugreek for diabetes, menstrual cramps, and sexual problems. It is also used for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses.

  13. Devil's Club
    NatMed
    Devil's Club
    Devil's club is a plant. People use the inner bark of the root and stem for medicine. Devil's club is used for arthritis, cancer, wounds, fever, tuberculosis, stomach trouble, cough, colds, sore throat, diabetes, low blood sugar, and pneumonia. It is also used for emptying the bowels and causing vomiting. Some people apply devil's club directly to the skin for swollen glands, boils, sores, and skin infections. The ashes have been used to treat burns.

  14. Coltsfoot
    NatMed
    Coltsfoot
    Coltsfoot is a plant. It is native to Europe and parts of Asia. It has been introduced to North America. The leaf, flower, and root are used to make medicine. Despite serious safety concerns, coltsfoot is used for asthma, cough, sore throat, swelling of the airways, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  15. Northern Prickly Ash
    NatMed
    Northern Prickly Ash
    Northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum Americanum) is a woody shrub native to North America. Native American healers used its bark and berries as medicine. Northern prickly ash contains chemicals that might have antifungal effects. People use northern prickly ash for infections, sore throat, toothaches, wounds, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Don't confuse northern prickly ash with ash, Chinese prickly ash, or Hercules club. These are not the same.

  16. Wormwood
    NatMed
    Wormwood
    Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) is an herb used in the alcoholic drinks vermouth and absinthe. Its oil contains the chemical thujone, which may be poisonous. The thujone in wormwood oil excites the central nervous system and can cause seizures and other adverse effects. Other chemicals in wormwood might decrease swelling. People use wormwood for digestion problems, Crohn disease, a kidney disorder called IgA nephropathy, osteoarthritis, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. There is also no good evidence to support using wormwood for COVID-19. Using thujone-containing wormwood products can be unsafe. Don't confuse wormwood with Artemisia herba-alba, Mugwort, Sweet Annie, Wormseed, or Ginger. These are not the same.

  17. Angostura
    NatMed
    Angostura
    Angostura is a small tree. It is native to Venezuela and other tropical parts of South America. The bark is used to make medicine. People use angostura for fever, diarrhea, spasms, preventing the return of malaria, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. In foods, angostura is used in alcoholic beverages. But "angostura bitters," which is sometimes used in mixing alcoholic beverages, no longer contains angostura. It is now made from gentian and other bitters.

  18. Capers
    NatMed
    Capers
    The caper bush is a plant. The fruit, unopened flower bud, other parts that grow above the ground, and the root are all used for medicine. Capers are used for diabetes. They are also used for many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support the use of capers for any condition. Capers are also eaten as a food and used as a flavoring.

  19. Fucus Vesiculosus
    NatMed
    Fucus Vesiculosus
    Fucus vesiculosus is a type of brown seaweed that grows in the Baltic Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and North Pacific Ocean. The whole plant is used as medicine. Fucus vesiculosus contains varying amounts of iodine. Iodine might help prevent or treat some thyroid disorders. Fucus vesiculosus also might have antidiabetic effects and affect hormone levels. People use Fucus vesiculosus for thyroid disorders, obesity, aging skin, constipation, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Don't confuse Fucus vesiculosus with algin, bladderwort, blue-green algae, ecklonia cava, or laminaria. These are not the same.

  20. Lovage
    NatMed
    Lovage
    Lovage is a plant. The root and underground stem (rhizome) are used to make medicine. Lovage is used for kidney damage in people with diabetes (diabetic nephropathy), indigestion, kidney stones, cough, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. In foods and beverages, lovage is used for flavoring. In manufacturing, lovage is used as a fragrance in soaps and cosmetics.

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