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  1. Pau D'Arco
    NatMed
    Pau D'Arco
    Pau d'arco (Tabebuia impetiginosa) is a tree that is native to the Amazon. Its bark and wood have been used for many conditions, but with little evidence. The pau d'arco tree is used by native peoples in the regions where it grows for making hunting bows. The name "pau d'arco" is Portuguese for "bow tree." Pau d'arco bark and wood might prevent cancer cells from growing and slow tumor growth. But the doses needed to cause these effects seem to be unsafe. People use pau d'arco for cancer, diabetes, stomach ulcers, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Using pau d'arco can also be unsafe, especially at higher doses. Pau d'arco is sometimes called quebracho. Don't confuse this with a different plant called Quebracho Blanco. These are not the same.

  2. Orris
    NatMed
    Orris
    Orris root comes from two different species of iris, Iris pallida and Iris germanica. It is sometimes used to make medicine. Orris root is generally used in combination with other herbs and can be found in homeopathic dilutions and tea preparations. Orris contains many chemicals, but it's not clear how it might work in the body. People use orris root for conditions such as bad breath, bronchitis, wound healing, and joint pain, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  3. Oregano
    NatMed
    Oregano
    Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is an herb used to flavor foods. It is considered safe in common food amounts, but has little evidence of health benefits. Oregano has olive-green leaves and purple flowers. It is closely related to other herbs, including mint, thyme, marjoram, and basil. Oregano contains chemicals that might help reduce cough. Oregano also might help with digestion and with fighting against some bacteria and viruses. People use oregano for wound healing, parasite infections, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  4. Onion
    NatMed
    Onion
    Onion (Allium cepa) is a plant that is grown worldwide. The onion bulb is commonly eaten as food. Onion bulb and extract are also used to make medicine. Onion contains chemicals that seem to reduce swelling and lung tightness related to asthma. It also contains chemicals that seem to reduce cholesterol and lower blood sugar. People use onion to prevent scarring. It is also used for obesity, hair loss, asthma, insomnia, high blood pressure. warts, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  5. Ornithine Ketoglutarate (OKG)
    NatMed
    Ornithine Ketoglutarate (OKG)
    Ornithine ketoglutarate (OKG) is a salt made from the amino acid ornithine and alpha-ketoglutarate, which is a precursor to the amino acid glutamine. Ornithine ketoglutarate might change the way amino acids, the building blocks of protein, are used in the body. It also increases insulin, a hormone that regulates the amount of sugar in the blood. People use ornithine ketoglutarate for healing wounds and burns. It is also used for building muscle strength, HIV/AIDS, stroke, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Don't confuse ornithine ketoglutarate with ornithine or another chemical called L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA). These are not the same.

  6. English Horsemint
    NatMed
    English Horsemint
    English horsemint is an herb. The parts of the plant that grow above the ground are used to make medicine. People take English horsemint for digestion problems, including nausea, diarrhea, and intestinal gas (flatulence). They also take it for headaches, bronchitis, liver health, and general pain.

  7. English Adder's Tongue
    NatMed
    English Adder's Tongue
    English adder's tongue is a plant. The root and leaf are sometimes used to make medicine. English adder's tongue is used for wound healing and skin ulcers, but there is no good scientific evidence to support its use for any condition. Don't confuse English adder's tongue (Ophioglossum vulgatum) with American adder's tongue (Erythronium americanum).

  8. Immortelle
    NatMed
    Immortelle
    Immortelle is a plant. The dried flower is used to make medicine. People take immortelle for liver disease and gallbladder disease. It is also used to treat indigestion (dyspepsia), disorders affecting bile flow in the liver, and other conditions. Be careful not to confuse immortelle with sandy everlasting (Helichrysum angustifolium) or with immortal (Asclepias asperula).

  9. Black Walnut
    NatMed
    Black Walnut
    Black walnut (Juglans nigra) is a tree native to the US that's harvested for its wood and edible nuts. The tree bark has been used in traditional medicine. Black walnut contains high concentrations of chemicals called tannins, which can reduce pain and swelling and dry up body fluids such as mucous. People use black walnut to lower the risk of heart disease, for skin wounds, and for other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Tree nuts, including black walnut, are considered major food allergens in the US. Don't confuse black walnut with English walnut. There are not the same.

  10. Madagascar Periwinkle
    NatMed
    Madagascar Periwinkle
    Madagascar periwinkle is a plant. The parts that grow above the ground and the root are used to make medicine. Madagascar periwinkle is used for diabetes, cancer, sore throat, cough, insect bite, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Using Madagascar periwinkle can also be unsafe. Purified forms of some chemicals found in Madagascar periwinkle are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be given by injection for the treatment of cancer. These drugs have serious side effects and should be administered only under medical supervision. Madagascar periwinkle is considered unsafe for self-medication.

  11. Euphorbia hirta
    NatMed
    Euphorbia hirta
    Euphorbia hirta is an herb. The parts of the plant that grow above the ground are used to make medicine. Euphorbia hirta is used for breathing disorders, dengue fever, digestive problems, severe diarrhea (dysentery), and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

  12. Cumin
    NatMed
    Cumin
    Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) is a plant native to the Mediterranean and southern Asia. The seeds are used in traditional medicine and also as a spice in food. Cumin might have cholesterol-lowering and antibacterial effects, but it's not clear if these effects have an impact in the body. People use cumin for abnormal levels of cholesterol or blood fats, obesity, diarrhea, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Don't confuse cumin with black seed, which is sometimes called black cumin. These are not the same.

  13. Cudweed
    NatMed
    Cudweed
    Cudweed is an herb. The parts that grow above the ground are used to make medicine. People use cudweed for conditions such as high blood pressure, stomach ulcers, diarrhea, gut infections, and many others, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Don't confuse cudweed (Gnaphalium uliginosum) with cat's foot (Antennaria dioica), which is also known as cudweed. Also, don't confuse cudweed (Gnaphalium uliginosum) with Pilosella officinarum; both are sometimes called mouse ear.

  14. Pulsatilla
    NatMed
    Pulsatilla
    Pulsatilla is a plant. The parts of the plant that grow above the ground are dried and used as medicine. Pulsatilla is used for painful conditions of the male or female reproductive system, skin conditions, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support its use.

  15. Lemon Verbena
    NatMed
    Lemon Verbena
    Lemon verbena (Aloysia citrodora) is a flowering shrub native to South America. Its leaves and flowering tops are used in foods, drinks, and medicine. Lemon verbena contains chemicals that might reduce swelling. Essential oils made from lemon verbena contain chemicals that might kill mites and bacteria. People use lemon verbena for muscle damage caused by exercise, insomnia, joint pain, multiple sclerosis (MS), and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses

  16. Condurango
    NatMed
    Condurango
    Condurango (Marsdenia condurango) is an herb that is native to Ecuador and Peru. People have used the bark to make medicine. Some chemicals in condurango might stimulate saliva and stomach juices. Condurango is used for indigestion, cancer, and other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any use.

  17. Codonopsis
    NatMed
    Codonopsis
    Codonopsis is a family of plants used in China and Korea to replenish vital energy, or qi. It's sometimes used as a cheaper alternative to Panax ginseng. Codonopsis contains chemicals that seem to slow down the growth of cancer cells. It also seems to affect the immune system. People use codonopsis for HIV/AIDS, cancer, obesity, diabetes, heartburn, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Codonopsis is sometimes called "poor man's ginseng" because it's used in commercial products as a substitute for Panax ginseng. But none of the active chemicals in ginseng have been found in codonopsis. They are not the same.

  18. Boswellia Serrata
    NatMed
    Boswellia Serrata
    Boswellia serrata is a tree native to India, Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. It is commonly used in the traditional Indian medicine system, Ayurveda. Boswellia serrata contains chemicals that might decrease swelling and increase the body's immune response. Extracts of the Boswellia serrata sap, bark, and other plant parts have been taken by mouth for therapeutic purposes. People use Boswellia serrata for osteoarthritis. It is also used for many other purposes, including asthma, diabetes, and stroke, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses. There is also no good evidence to support using Boswellia serrata for COVID-19. The sap from Boswellia serrata is sometimes used to make Frankincense. Frankincense is typically applied to the skin or inhaled as aromatherapy. For information on those uses, see Frankincense.

  19. Larch Turpentine
    NatMed
    Larch Turpentine
    Larch turpentine is an oily substance taken from the trunk of the Larix decidua (European larch) tree. It has been applied to the skin as a medicine. Larch turpentine is used for airway infections, nerve pain, joint pain, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any use.

  20. Clematis recta
    NatMed
    Clematis recta
    Clematis recta is an herb. Despite serious safety concerns, people use the parts that grow above the ground to make medicine. The crushed fresh plant contains a chemical that causes skin and mucous membrane irritation. This chemical becomes less irritating as the plant dries. Clematis recta is used for joint pain, headache, gout, skin conditions, wound healing, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any use.

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